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Policy Areas

The politics, economic and social developing countries, develop- It is
costs are now being recognised as ment is highly centralized or co-
considerations in formulating a nducted by the national govern- believed that
policy. Generally there are many ment. Centralized control is beli- private sector is
policy choices, which may be eved to be more suitable in small
some of the important areas req- countries. However, for larger more efficient than
uiring policy decisions. One of countries like India and Nigeria, government sector in
the policy areas is whether, to decentralization gives a greater
what extent, and how to involve opportunity for the participation operating businesses.
the government in the develop- of local authorities and the com- Therefore
ment. A country’s choices are munity in decision making. Other
reflected in the organizational str- policy choice is integrated devel- Privatization is, the
ucture in the country. In some opment versus limited develop- recent trend in most
countries, like the former Soviet ment. Many developing coun-
Union, ownership, operation, pr- tries, particularly small island developing
omotion and planning were all economies, prioritize integrated countries
handled by the government while type of development rather than
in other countries, like the USA, sector based or limited develop-
government involvement in mini- ment. Sector based type of devel-
mum. Meanwhile, a mixture of opment limits the spillover effe-
public and private co-operation cts and inter- sectoral linkages. In
can be seen in most countries. It other words, lower multipliers
is believed that private sector is has been associated with limited
more efficient than government type of development. Alternative- References
sector in operating businesses. ly, attempts have been made to
Therefore Privatization is, the develop integrated tourism in Gray, C.J.J.K. Stringer and William-
recent trend in most developing order to enhance regional devel- son, P. (1984). Policy change: an
countries. Therefore, the roles of opment. It is believed that int- analytical framework. Paper presented
the public and private sector req- egrated tourism development at policy science association.
uire policy attention in their brings more economic and bene- University of New Castle, Australia.
development strategies. Secondly ficial social results. Thus, the pp. 30-35.
choice of inward oriented econ- type of tourists development
omic policy or reliance of self- should be another area for policy Jenkins, C.L. and Henry, B.M. (1982).
-sufficiency in all sectors within consideration. It is observed that Government involvement in tourism in
the economy is favorable to some these policy choices depend on developing countries. Annals of
countries. Some other countries the country-specific historical g- tourism research. 9(4), pp.499-521.
are looking outward oriented eco- eographic situation, specific nat-
nomic policy or reliance of ural resources, organization and Seder, H. and Harrison, A. (1994).
imports and exports and foreign regime objectives. Furthermore, Tourism in Greece and Turkey: An
investments. Thirdly, large coun- the choice made by a country will economic view for planners. In Seaton,
tries like India and USA with depend as much on political and A.V, Jenkins, C.L., Wood, R.C, Dieke,
federal systems have shared dec- cultural considerations as upon P.U.C., Bennet, M.M., Maclellan, I.R.,
ision taking by provincial govern- economic factors. This highly and Smith, R. (eds.) Tourism: The state
ments or decentralized the econo- reflects in the policy process in of the art. John Willey Publishers,
my. However, in many small developing countries. Chichester. pp. 74-82.

46 January 2021