Page 20 - Management Digest Udyama Vol 1 Isuue 2

Introduction etc. need to be cleared for ethics
before commencing research
Research involves in creating activities. Hence, practicing Ethics means a
new knowledge through scientific the permitted ethical approval conception of
approaches where conclusions during the research conduct is the conduct and it can
are drawn based on observations responsibility of the researchers.
of experiments. Importantly, be either right or
research helps extend human wrong, as per the
knowledge beyond what already Ethical Principles
exists. Although, different societal acceptance.
protocols, methodologies, Ethics means a conception of However, research
techniques and approaches conduct and it can be either
are applied in research, under right or wrong, as per the ethics mainly focus
certain assumptions, a question societal acceptance. However, on application
arises whether all these adopting research ethics mainly focus of fundamental
practices are in line with an on application of fundamental
acceptable ethical framework. A principles in planning, conducting principles
need of such ethical framework and publishing of research while in planning,
in conducting research and specifying the basic norms and
thereafter, in publishing the values of the research community. conducting and
research findings has been Defining research ethics is publishing of
understood over decades given important in order to (i) protect
the inhumane practices adopted participants (patients/society), research while
in certain studies. For example, resources and researchers, (ii) specifying the basic
Nazi Medical Experiments (1933 ensure accuracy of scientific norms and values
– 1945), Tuskegee Syphilis Study knowledge and (iii) protect
(1932), Willowbrook Study intellectual and property rights. of the research
(1950s – 1970s) and Jewish There are core ethical principles community.
Chronic Disease Hospital Study that are applied in research and
(1960s) are prominent among they are;
them. Considering unethical
nature of these studies, it led
to develop ‘Ethical Codes and
Regulations’ in order to maintain
the boundaries of research Adhering to these
process minimizing harm to its principles is
participants. Accordingly, some important in terms
Ethical Codes and Regulations of respecting and
like Nuremberg Code, causing no harm to
Belmont Report and American the participants. It is
Psychological Association (APA) also a professional
Guide were introduced from time requirement and
to time. mandatory for
obtaining funding.
In general, the research Nevertheless, it
projects that involve in human is apparent that
participants, use of the products failing to conduct
of human participants, animal research ethically
participants, work that potentially results in research
impacts on human participants, or researcher being
and some other studies such as dismissed or rejected
research related to environment by the research
and plants (prone to extinction) community.

18 September 2021